Sunday, 29 December 2013
Greece: Waste Disposal- A Blight on the Landscape; No Place for Daphnis and Chloe
One of the most urgent priorities for Greece:
See this article by Mark Lowen, BBC
"Waste is blighting Greece's countryside"
Sensitive Waste at Fyli
Radioactive Waste
Toxic Hospital Waste
Litter
Skoupidia, Corfu
Try to forget the rubbish and and refuse by reading Longus' second century AD pastoral romance, Daphnis and Chloe (translated by Paul Turner, 1956; from Book 4):
On Lesbos:
"Lamon ...tidied up the garden so that it could be seen in all its beauty.
This garden was indeed a very beautiful place even by comparison with a royal garden...
There was a fine view of the plain, where you could see people grazing their flocks, a fine view of the sea, where you could watch people sailing past; and this too contributed to the charm of the garden.
In the very middle of the length and breadth of the garden were a temple and an altar sacred to Dionysus. The altar was surrounded with ivy and the temple with vine-shoots."
No rubbish strewn amongst the trees, or to spoil the fine view...
Classic 1931 film
With music by Ravel
1969 film version
From The Fourth Book, translated by George Thornley (1657):
AND now one of Lamo's fellow-servants brought word from Mitylene, that their Lord would come towards the Vintage, to see whether that irruption of the Methymnæans had made any waste in those fields. When therefore the Summer was now parting away, and the Autumne approaching, Lamo bestirred himself to fit a mansion for his Lord, that should present him with pleasure every where. He scoured the Fountains, that the water might be clear and transparent. He muckt the Cottage, lest the dung should offend him with the smell. The Garden he trimmed with great care and diligence, that all might be pleasant, fresh, and fair. And that Garden indeed was a most beautifull and goodly thing, and such as might become even a Royal Family; for it lay extended in length a whole Stadium. It was situate on a high ground, and had to its breadth, four Acres. To a spacious field one would easily have likened it. Trees it had of all kinds the Apple, the Pear, the Myrtle, the Orange, the Pomgranate, the Figg, and the Olive: and to these, on the other side, there grew a rare, and taller sort of Vines, that bended over, and reclin'd their bunches of grapes among the Apples, and Pomgranats, as if they would vie and contend for beauty and worth of fruits with them. So many kinds there were of Satives; or of such as are planted, grafted, or set. To these were not wanting the Cypresse, the Laurel, the Platan, and the Pine. And towards them, instead of the Vine, the Ivie lean'd; and with the Errantry of her boughes, and her scatter'd black berries, did imitate the Vines, and, shadowed beauty of the ripened grapes. Within, as in a Garrison, Trees of lower growth bore fruit; thickets of various shrubs, with their delicate and fragrant berries, were kept. Without, stood the barren Trees, enfolding all, much like a Fort, or some strong Vall, that had bin built by the hand of Art. And these were encompassed with a spruce, thin hedge. By alleyes, and glades, there was every where a just determination of things from things, an orderly discretion of Tree from Tree. But on the Tops the boughes met, to interweave their limbs and leaves with one anothers. And a man would have thought, that all this had not bin, as indeed it was, the wild of Nature, but rather the work of curious Art. Nor were there wanting to these borders and banks of various flowers; some the Earth's own Voluntiers; some the structure of the Artist's hand. The Roses, Hyacinths, and Lillies, were set, and planted by the hand: The Violet, the Daffodill, and Anagall the Earth gave up of her own good will. In the Summer there was shade; in the Spring, the beauty and fragrancy of flowers; in the Autumne, the pleasantnesse of the grapes; and every season had its fruits. Besides from the high ground there was a fair and pleasing prospect to the fields, the Herdsmen, the Shepherds, and the Cattell feeding; the same too lookt to the Sea, and saw all the Boats and Pinnaces a sailing by: insomuch, that that was no small addition to the pleasure of this most sweet and florid place. In the midst of this Paradise to the positure of the length and breadth of the ground, stood a Phane and an Altar sacred to Bacchus, the Lord and Genius of the place. About the Bomos, of Altar, grew the wandring, encircling, clinging Ivie; about the Phane, the palmits of the Vines did spread themselves. And in the more inward part of the Phane, were certain pictures that told the story of Bacchus, and his miracles: Semele bringing forth her babe: The fair Ariadne laid fast asleep: Lycuraus bound in chains: wretched Pentheus torn limb from limb: The Indians conquer'd: The Tyrrhenian Marriners, transform'd: Satyrs, and dancing Bacchæ, all about. Nor was Pan neglected in this place of pleasure, for he was set up upon the top of a crag playing upon his pipes, and striking up a common Jig, to those that trod the grapes in the presse, and the women that danc't about it. Therefore in such a Garden as this that all might be fine, Lamo was now very busie, cutting and pruning what was wither'd, and dry, and propping up the Palmits with his forks. Bacchus he had crown'd with flowery chaplets; and then brought down, with curious art, rills of water from the Fountains, amongst the borders and the knots. There was a spring, one that Daphnis first discovered, and that served rarely to this purpose of watering the flowers, and in favour to him, it was alwayes called Daphnis his Fountain. But Lamo besides commanded Daphnis to use his best skill to have his Goats as fat as might be; for their Lord would be sure to see them too, who now would come into the Countrey after he had bin so long away. And Daphnis had a good mind to it, because he thought he should be lookt upon, and praised for them. For he had doubled the number he had received of Lamo, nor had the Wolf raven'd away so much as one, and they were all more twadding fat then the very sheep. And because he would win upon the Lord to be more forward to approve and confirm the match, he did his businesse with great diligence, and great alacrity; he drove out his Goats betimes in the mornings; and late in the evening brought them home; twice a day he water'd them, and culled out for them the best pacture ground; he took care too to have the dairy-vessels new, good store of milking pales and piggins, and fairer Crates, or presses for the Cheese. He was so far from being negligent in any thing, that he tryed to make their horns to shine with vernich, and comb'd their very shag to make them sleek. Insomuch, as, if you had seen this, you had said it was Pan's own sacred flock
1. Κ' ερχάμενος από τη Μιτυλήνη κάποιος, που ήτανε δούλος στον ίδιο αφέντη με το Λάμωνα, έφερνε είδηση, πως λίγο πριν τον τρύγο θάρθη ταφεντικό τους για να μάθη μήπως τα χτήματά του τάβλεψε@ καθόλου το έμπασμα των Μεθυμνιωτώνε. Κ' επειδή έφευγε πια το καλοκαίρι κ' έφτανε το χυνόπωρο, του ετοίμαζε την εξοχή ο Λάμωνας, ώστε να του αρέση σ' όλα άμα την έβλεπε· πάστρευε τις πηγές για νάχουν νερό καθαρό· έβγανε την κοπριά από την αυλή για να μη τον πειράξη βρωμώντας· σιγύριζε το περιβόλι για να φανή όμορφο.
2. Κ' ήτανε το περιβόλι κάτι αριστούργημα που και βασιλιάς θα το ζήλευε· είχε μάκρος ίσαμ' ένα στάδιο κ' ήτανε σε ψήλωμα έχοντας πλάτος τέσσερα πλέθρα. Θα το παρομοίαζε κανένας με κάμπο μακρύ· κ' είχεν όλα τα δέντρα: μηλιές, σμερτιές, αχλαδιές και ροϊδιές και συκιές· από τ' άλλο μέρος αμπέλι αψηλό, που απλωνότανε αποπάνω από τις μηλιές και τις αχλαδιές παρδαλίζοντας, σαν να συνοριζότανε μ' αυτές για το κάρπισμα. Τόσα ήτανε τα ήμερα· μα ήτανε και κυπαρίσσια και δάφνες και πλατάνια και κουκουναριές· και σ' όλα αυτά αποπάνω αντί γι' αμπέλι απλωνότανε κισσός, που τα τσαμπιά του, όντας μεγάλα και μαυριδερά, εφαίνονταν σαν σταφύλια· από μέσα ήτανε τα καρπερά δέντρα σαν να φυλάγονταν απ' έξω στέκανε γύρω-γύρω τ' άγρια σαν φραγή χεροφτιαστή· κι αυτά όμως τα περιτριγύριζε φράχτης από ψιλά αγκάθια. Ήταν όλα με τάξη και χωρισμένα κ' η μια ρίζα μακριά από την άλλη · μα τα κλαριά τους έσμιγαν ψηλά το ένα με τ' άλλο και μπλέκανε τα φύλλα τους· κ' έτσι φαίνονταν πως κι αυτά ήτανε φτιαστά. Ήτανε και λουλουδιώνε βραγιές, που άλλα τάβγαζε η γις κι άλλα τα φύτευαν τριανταφυλλιές και λαλέδες και κρίνα τα είχανε φυτέψει ανθρώπινα χέρια· γιούλια και μανούσια και γαλατσίδες τάβγαζε η γις. Το καλοκαίρι ήτανε ίσκιος και την άνοιξη λουλούδια και το χυνόπωρο και σε κάθ' εποχή πωρικά.
3. Απ' εδώ φαινότανε καλά ο κάμπος και μπορούσανε να βλέπουν αυτούς που έβοσκαν· φαινότανε καλά κ' η θάλασσα κ' έβλεπαν όσους ταξιδεύανε γιαλό-γιαλό. Κ' έτσι αυτά προσθέτανε στην ομορφιά του περιβολιού. Και καταμεσίς του περιβολιού στο μάκρος και πλάτος ήτανε ναός του Διόνυσου και βωμός. Περιτριγύριζαν το βωμό κισσός και το ναό κλήματα· κ' είχε μέσα ο ναός διονυσιακές ζωγραφιές· τη Σεμέλη που γεννούσε, την Αριάδνη που κοιμότανε, το Λυκούργο δεμένο, τον Πενθέα που κατακοματιαζότανε· ήτανε και Ιντοί που νικόντουσαν και Τυρρηνοί που αλλάζανε μορφή· παντού Σάτυροι παντού Βάκχες που χορεύανε· μήτε ο Πάνας είχε λησμονηθή, παρά καθότανε κι αυτός παίζοντας το σουραύλι επάνω σε βράχο, παρόμοιος με παιγνιδιάτορα, που έπαιζε τον ίδιο σκοπό και για κείνους που πατούσανε και για κείνες που εχόρευαν.
4. Αν κ' ήτανε τέτοιο το περιβόλι, ο Λάμωνας το εσιγύριζε, κόβοντας τα ξερά, στηλόνοντας τα κλήματα· εστεφάνωσε το Διόνυσο· άνοιξε αυλάκι να τρέχη το νερό στ' άνθια από μια πηγή, που τη βρήκεν ο Δάφνης ανάμεσα στα λουλούδια· η πηγή ήτανε κοντά στ' άνθια, την έλεγαν όμως πηγή του Δάφνη. Παρακινούσε ο Δάμωνας και το Δάφνη να παχαίνη τα γίδια όσο μπορούσε περισσότερο, λέγοντας, ότι δίχως άλλο κ' εκείνα θα ζητήση να τα ιδή ο αφέντης, ερχάμενος ύστερ' από καιρό. Κ' εκείνος δε φοβότανε ότι δε θα παινευτή γι' αυτά, επειδή και διπλά από όσα είχε πάρει τάκαμε και κανένα δεν του είχε αρπάξει λύκος και ήτανε πιο παχιά από τα πρόβατα. Και θέλοντας να είναι ο αφέντης του πιο πρόθυμος για το γάμο του, εφρόντιζε γι' αυτά με κάθε τρόπο, φέρνοντάς τα στη βοσκή απ' του θεού το χάραμα και γυρίζοντας στη στάνη το δείλι· τα πότιζε δυο φορές την ημέρα κ' εζητούσε τα πιο καλά βοσκοτόπια· ενοιάστηκε και για σκαφίδια καινούργια και για τάλαρους πολλούς και για καλαμωτές μεγαλύτερες. Και τόσο εφρόντιζε ως που και τα κέρατα άλειφε και το μαλλί τους εχτένιζε. Θα νόμιζε κανένας πως βλέπει κοπάδι αφιερωμένο στον Πάνα. Κ' εκοπίαζε σ' όλα αυτά μαζί του κ' η Χλόη· και λησμονώντας το κοπάδι της τον περισσότερο καιρό έμενε κοντά σ' εκείνα, ως που ενόμιζε ο Δάφνης, ότι εξ αιτίας της του εφαίνονταν όμορφα τα γίδια.
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